Sumer, earliest civilisation

 

BIDUANDA TRIBE OF NEGRI SEMBILAN, EARLY 1900'S

 

Mantra of Biduanda, Kanaboi Valley, Negri Sembilan

 

Mantra of Biduanda, Kanaboi Valley, Negri Sembilan

Mantra of Biduanda, Kanaboi Valley, Negri Sembilan

Mantra of Biduanda, Kanaboi Valley, Negri Sembilan

Mantra of Biduanda, Kanaboi Valley, Negri Sembilan

Mantra of Biduanda, Kanaboi Valley, Negri Sembilan, 1913

Mantra of Biduanda, Kanaboi Valley, Negri Sembilan

(Pictures: Journ. F.M.S. Mus.  Vol. V)

IBN SAUD'S BLODIED HANDS

Makkah in the land of Ibn Sauds had seen many bloodsheds during recent times, 1979 and 1987. Were they alone in the savagery especially of 1987 when Iran was just set free from the shackles of US hegemony? The Shah had been toppled by Khomeini. More so when Iran kept about 40(?) US hostages taken from the embassy for more than a year.

500 pilgrims dead and more than 4,700 injured in the massacre of July 1, 1987 (6 Zulhijjah 1407). Most of the victims were Iranians because they took part during the agreed upon peaceful march of celeberation.

FIRST MAP OF MALAY PENINSULA

Ptolemy described the land of the Golden Chersonese (Avrea Chersonesvs), around 150 A.D.

The First Map of the Malay Peninsula drawn from information contained in Ptolemy's "Geographike Syntaxis" written in Alexandria about A.D. 150

SAMARINDA DYAKS - YESTERYEAR

Samarinda, at the mouth of Mahakam River, East Kalimantan. According to a  long ago Dyak chief, the best part of the human flesh was at the knuckles.

A Dyak and his sisters. The younger sister is resting in the customary "squat" attitude.

H.N. RIDLEY - RUBBER'S FOSTER-FATHER

H.N. Ridley, rubber's foster-father (left), with an assistant standing next to a rubber tree in the Singapore Botanic Gardens, c. 1905 (From Gardens Bulletin Straits Settlements, Vol. 1).

HANDBOOK OF MALAY SCRIPT, M.B. LEWIS(1958)

Malay script is an adaptation of Arabic script to the Malay tongue. It is the key to Malay newspapers, magazines and manuscripts. The best way to learn to read it is to learn to write it.

In this handbook the author explains and illustrates step by step from pot-books to manuscripts how the Malay script is formed and written, and by means of carefully chosen examples, presented in ordered sequences, the system of spelling is shown to be less capricious than the unaided learner is apt to think.

The rules of writing and spelling are clearly set out, and a most useful reference-list of common Arabic words are provided. A list of thirty-six graded passages offers abundant reading practice, ranging from "copperplate", through print, to handwriting of various styles. Each passage is followed by copious notes which unravel the difficulties, and transliterations and a vocabulary are given at the end.

Whether a study of the Malay script is pursued for examination purposes or merely for pleasure, this book, which is both textbook and reference book, will be found a most valuable addition to the student's bookshelf.

      

"An excellent little book, giving wonderful value … It illustrates step by step how the script is written, and shows how a lovely script it is … gives rules for spelling." - Overseas Education.

"A very full and instructive manual which is certain to take its place as the most authoritative work on the subject at the present time. The book is based on the author's work when instructing the students of Malay at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London and obviously the result of careful study and compilation. I am of the opinion that it is ideal whether as a manual for beginners or as a work of reference." - Malaya.

M.B. LEWIS, B.A.

Translation and Composition Exercises for Malay Students. Part 1

R.J. WILKINSON, C.M.G.

An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary (romanized)

Revised and enlarged by A.E. COOPE

O.T. DUSSEK, AHMAD  MURAD bin NASRUDDIN

and A.E. COOPE

A Graduated Malay Reader

MOHAMED ALI bin MOHAMED and

A.E. COOPE

Malay Dialogues with Colloquial Grammar

MOHAMED HASHIM bin MAT PIAH

Che' Umar Anak-Beranak

With explanatory notes by M.B. Lewis, B.A.

TEH FATIMAH binti ABDUL WAHAB

Megat Terawis Suatu Cerita Dahulu Kala

O.T. DUSSEK

Practical Modern Malay

An introduction to the colloquial language

PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER

Pramoedya Ananta Toer. 1950a. Mereka yang Dilumpuhkan. Balai Pestaka, Jakarta

1950b. Perburuan. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta

1952. Cerita dari Blora. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta

1957. Cerita dari Jakarta. Grafica, Jakarta

1959. Bukan Pasar Malam. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta

1962. Panggil Aku Kartini Saja. Nusantara, Bukit Tinggi 2jld

1980. Bumi Manusia. Hasta-Mitra, Jakarta-Amsterdam

1982. Tempoe doeloe: Antologi sastra pra-Indonesia. Hasta Mitra, Jakarta

KEDAH SULTANATE OLDER THAN MELAKA

Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (deceased)

SITE OF SOLOMON TEMPLE

The Farthest Mosque,  refers to the site of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem on the hill of Moriah, at or near which stands the Dome of the Rock and Masjid al-Aqsa. They were completed by the Amir 'Abd al-Malik in A.H. 68. 

In the time of the Prophet, it was a sacred place to both Jews and Christians, the latter had included in the Byzantine (Roman) Empire and maintained a Patriarch at Jerusalem which was later conquered by Caliph Omar.

1. Glory to (Allah) who did take His servant to a journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless, - in order that We might show him some of Our signs: for He is the One who hears and sees.     Surah 17: Bani Isra'il or A-Isra'.

The Mi'raj took place in the year before the Prophet's Hijrah

THE GUILLOTINE

Hardliners in charge of the new secular gomen led France to war against a coalition of Austria, Prussia and French émigrés in April 1792.

Austria is the country of birth of Marie Antoinette, France’s unpopular and extravagant queen consort. In fact, Marie Antoinette – a Habsburg archduchess in her own right – was sister to Leopold II, the Holy Roman Emperor.

Her husband the French king Louis XVI had refused to contemplate a civil war and was overthrown on 10 Aug 1792. On orders from the National Convention in January of the following year, the king’s head was chopped off.

A few months later on 14 Oct 1793, Marie Antoinette too surrendered her head to the guillotine‘s glinting blade in the centre of the public square.

(adapted after Helen Ang)

BATAVIA - CITY AND PORT

RENAMED - TELOK MA' HITAM TO TELOK ANSON, 1882

Council Minutes, Perak

15th March 1882

Present:

Regent 

Resident (Hugh Low)

Raja Dris

Temenggong

Kadzi

Dato' Raja Mahkota

10. At the suggestion of the Resident the Regent in Council directs that the new Settlement  at Telok Ma' Hitam is to be known as 'Telok Anson', in compliment to General Anson, who drew the first plan of the town and took great interest in its removal from Durian Sebatang. The name Telok Ma' Hitam has also been found inconveniently long.

MALAYAN NEOLITHIC AND HOABINHIAN - CERAMIC TRADITION

130 YEARS WARS OF ACHEH

The Aceh state has fought six wars in 132 years from 1873 to 2005. The wars are:

a)  Aceh Anti-Colonial War ( 1873 – 1880 )

b) Second World War ( 1942 – 1945 )

c) Cumbok Civil War ( 1946 – 1947 )

d) Anti-Colonial War of Independence ( 1945 – 1949 )

e) DI – TII Religious Civil War ( 1953 – 1963 )

f) GAM – RI War for Independence ( 1976 -2005 )

Teungku Chik Di Tiro, a great Acehnese leader was killed in 1875 in the first Anti-Colonial war after the Acehnese killed the tyrannical Dutch General Kohler in 1873.

Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureu-Eh was the leader who fought and won in the subsequent 4 wars with son, Teungku Hasballah Daud as one of the eight commandants in one of the wars.

Teungku Hasan Di Tiro led the last war which ended in the Helsinki peace treaty in 2005.

(extracted from Sanusi Junid's blog, Feb 10, 2018)

MORO ANTI-AMERICAN MILITARISM

The crusaders to pay for the killing fields BY US, 1900-1941:

Lanao

1. Tunggul Attack, 1902, Datu Tunggul Binidayan Sultan - leaders killed.

2. Maciu Resistance, 1902, Sultan Ganduli, Tanagan - leaders, 150-200 Muslims killed.

3. Taraca Defiance, 1903-09, Ampuanagus - leader surrendered, 290 Muslims killed, 13 wounded, 52 captured.

Sulu

1. Lirut Incident, 1901, Panglima Hassan - leader surrendered, no data.

2. Taglibi Encounter, 1903, Maharajah Andung - leader, 74 Muslims killed.

Cotabato

1. Ali Rebellion, 1903-04, Datu Ali, leader, sons, datus, several Muslims killed.

2. Alamanda Resistance, 1913. Datu Alamanda - leader surrendered, no data.

PULAU LESBOS - LESBIAN

(arrahmah.com)

 Pulau Lesbos saat ini merupakan sebuah pulau di Yunani yang terletak di Laut Aegea. Pulau ini terletak 320 km dari pantai barat Yunani. Pada tahun 2001, pulau ini memiliki jumlah penduduk 90.643 jiwa dan memiliki luas wilayah 1.632 km².

Istilah “lesbian” yang mendunia berasal dari pulau Lesbos ini. Itu bermula dari kisah dewi dan penyair dari mitologi Yunani, Sappho. Kata “lesbian” diambil dari kata Lesbos, tempat kelahiran penyair Sappho. Ia banyak menulis syair-syair cinta terhadap sesama perempuan pada abad ketujuh sebelum Masehi. Kata-katanya yang penuh luapan emosi dinyanyikan, dengan iringan kecapi. Di zaman Yunani purba sangatlah jarang seorang perempuan menulis puisi. Lebih jarang lagi seorang perempuan menulis puisi, apalagi mengungkapkan perasaan terhadap sesama perempuan. Konon, Shappo, kala itu, dipuji-puji oleh pemikir Yunani seperti Plato yang menyebutnya ‘dewi kesenian kesepuluh’. Dari cerita ini, tiba-tiba Shappo diyakini sebagai cikal-bakal lahirnya kelainan seksual dan penyuka sesama jenis. Munculnya istilah “lesbian” tak lain mengambil nama tempat di mana Shappo lahir dan tinggal, yakni Pulau Lesbos. Sejak itu hingga kini, Pulau Lesbos menjadi semacam menjadi tempat ziarah bagi kaum perempuan menyimpang penganut sesama jenis, lesbian.

ISRAEL DESTROYED

One of the magnificent relief sculptures of the Assyrian civilisation, about 721-705 B.C. The figure of a winged bull with human head in King Sargon's palace. Found at Khorsabad. It was Sargon II who destroyed the kingdom of the Israelites.

GALA AT SUEZ CANAL, 1869

Canal-builder Ferdinand de Lesseps, out for a drive with 7 of his 17 children.

A ship streams through the Suez Canal, the man-made waterway that crosses the Isthmus of Suez in northeastern Egypt. The canal, opened in 1869, connects the Mediterranean and the Red Sea.

Official opening of the Suez Canal 17 Nov 1869

NEW YORK, 1628 AND 1750

View of New York in 1628, the earliest known representation of Manhattan Island from a copy of Van der Donck's Beschryvinghe van Niew-Nederlandt, 1655.

New York City in 1750, viewed from the Brooklyn side of the East River. Note the flat-bottomed sails and oars, starting its trip across the river, and the  ox-drawn cart in the foreground